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281.
The term “lithodeme” was proposed 30 years ago for the purpose of crystalline rock stratigraphy. However, there are inconsistencies in its understanding. For example, it is unclear whether it is suitable to apply this term to layered intrusions or not: different specialists/organizations offer different approaches. A bibliographical survey of the geological literature published after 2000 demonstrates that the term “lithodeme” is used too rarely, although its use for magmatic and metamorphic rocks is well balanced. In addition 65% of all papers considering lithodemes deal with North and South America. Moreover, some specialists employ genesis and age when they delineate lithodemes, whereas other do not. If modern geology really still needs the lithodemic approach, researchers should work towards reaching consensus on what the term “lithodeme” means, and they should also devote effort to promote this approach internationally. 相似文献
282.
Dmitry Kolyukhin Sylvie Schueller Magne S. Espedal Haakon Fossen 《Computational Geosciences》2010,14(2):231-248
Fault damage zones in highly porous reservoirs are dominated by deformation bands that generally have permeability-reducing
properties. Due to an absence of sufficiently detailed measurements and the irregular distribution of deformation bands, a
statistical approach is applied to study their influence on flow. A stochastic model of their distribution is constructed,
and band density, distribution, orientation, and flow properties are chosen based on available field observations. The sensitivity
of these different parameters on the upscaled flow is analyzed. The influence of a heterogeneous permeability distribution
was also studied by assuming the presence of high permeability holes within bands. The fragmentation and position of these
holes affect significantly the block-effective permeability. Results of local upscaling with a diagonal and full upscaled
permeability tensor are compared, and qualitatively similar results for the flow characteristics are obtained. Further, the
procedure of iterative local–global upscaling is applied to the problem. 相似文献
283.
Robert S. Weigel Mikhail Zhizhin Dmitry Mishin Dmitry Kokovin Eric Kihn Jeremy Faden 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(1-2):19-28
The recent Heliophysics Virtual Observatory (VxO) effort involves the development of separate observatories with a low overlap in physical domain or area of scientific specialization and a high degree of overlap in metadata management needs. VxOware is a content and metadata management system. While it is intended for use by a VxO specifically, it can also be used by any entity that manages structured metadata. VxOware has many features of a content management system and extensively uses the W3C recommendations for XML (Extensible Markup Language), XQuery (XML Query), and XSLT (Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations). VxOware has features such as system and user administration, search, user-editable content, version tracking, and a wiki. Besides virtual observatories, the intended user-base of VxOware includes a group or an instrument team that has developed a directory structure of data files and would like to make this data, and its associated metadata, available in the virtual observatory network. One of the most powerful features of VxOware is the ability to link any type of object in the observatory to other objects and the ability for every object to be tagged. 相似文献
284.
Titze Daniel Beletsky Dmitry Feyen Jesse Saunders William Mason Lacey Kessler James Chu Philip Lee Deborah 《Ocean Dynamics》2023,73(5):231-248
Ocean Dynamics - In response to record-breaking flooding on Lake Champlain in 2011, the International Joint Commission launched a 5-year study to explore solutions to flooding in the binational... 相似文献
285.
Dmitry V. Stepanov 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(10):1353-1370
Based on an eddy-permitting numerical model, the mesoscale variability in the East-Sakhalin Current is investigated during the winter-spring period. Analysis of necessary conditions for the development of baroclinic instability showed that the nearshore component of the East-Sakhalin Current is potentially baroclinic unstable in the first half-year. The simulated circulation uncovered a generation of anticyclonic eddies on the eastern Sakhalin shelf. It was established that a spatial scale of these eddies and the first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation are values of the same order; a lifetime of these eddies varies from 4 to 6 weeks, given the Rossby number varies from 0.05 to 0.2. Analysis of the rate of eddy energy conversion on the eastern Sakhalin shelf showed that the generation of the revealed mesoscale eddies results from, mainly, baroclinic instability, whereas barotropic instability can be both favoring and preventing to the generation of these eddies. 相似文献
286.
Based on eddy-permitting ocean circulation model outputs, the mesoscale variability is studied in the Sea of Okhotsk. We confirmed that the simulated circulation reproduces the main features of the general circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk. In particular, it reproduced a complex structure of the East-Sakhalin current and the pronounced seasonal variability of this current. We established that the maximum of mean kinetic energy was associated with the East-Sakhalin Current. In order to uncover causes and mechanisms of the mesoscale variability, we studied the budget of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Sea of Okhotsk. Spatial distribution of the EKE showed that intensive mesoscale variability occurs along the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk, where the East-Sakhalin Current extends. We revealed a pronounced seasonal variability of EKE with its maximum intensity in winter and its minimum intensity in summer. Analysis of EKE sources and rates of energy conversion revealed a leading role of time-varying (turbulent) wind stress in the generation of mesoscale variability along the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk in winter and spring. We established that a contribution of baroclinic instability predominates over that of barotropic instability in the generation of mesoscale variability along the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk. To demonstrate the mechanism of baroclinic instability, the simulated circulation was considered along the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk from January to April 2005. In April, the mesoscale anticyclonic eddies are observed along the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk. The role of the sea ice cover in the intensification of the mesoscale variability in the Sea of Okhotsk was discussed. 相似文献